DSpace JSPUI

Ammonia Is Used As Flue Gas Conditioning Agent From Urea Hydrolysis As There Is No Ammonia Shipping, Handling And Storage Is Required. In This Investigation Equilibrium And Kinetic Studies On Hydrolysis Of Urea To Produce Ammonia Has Been Carried Out In A Semi-Batch And Batch Reactor. This Study Revealed That Conversion Increases Exponentially With Increase In Temperature But With Increase In Initial Feed Concentration Of Urea, The Conversion Decreases Marginally. Using Collision Theory, Temperature Dependency Of Forward Rate Constant Was Developed From Which Activation Energy Of The Reaction And Frequency Factor Were Calculated As 73.60-85.75 Kj/Mole And 2.89-36.48 X 108 Min−1, Without Any Catalyst. From The Catalytic Hydrolysis Study In A Semi-Batch Reactor For Different Catalytic (Tio2, Fly Ash, (Ni+Fe) And Al2o3), It Has Been Observed That The Al2o3 Catalyst Shows Higher Conversion Compared To Others, Also Fly Ash Behaves As A Good Catalyst Next To Al2o3. Fly Ash Is A Waste Material Originating In Great Amounts In Combustion Processes. Initial Results Indicated That Fly Ash Has Good Catalytic Capacity So It Is Decided To Carry Out Equilibrium And Kinetic Studies Using Fly Ash As A Catalyst In A Batch Reactor. From Equilibrium Study It Was Concluded That With Increase In Temperature And Fly Ash Doses The Equilibrium Conversion Increases And A Maximum Conversion Of 99% Is Possible With 10% By Wt Concentration Of Feed Solution And At 180 Oc With 10 G/L Fly Ash Dose. Further The Reaction Rate Constant Is A Function Of Temperature. It Is Found That The Forward Reaction Is A Pseudo-First-Order Reaction With Rate Constant Varying From 0.017 To 0.0916 Min-1 Within The Temperature Range Of 140 Oc To 180 Oc. The Activation Energy And Frequency Factor Of Urea Hydrolysis Reaction Were Found To Be 66.237 Kj/Mole And 4.008 X 106 Min−1, Respectively. The Effects Of Operating Parameters Such As Initial Feed Concentrations, Temperature, Times And Stirring Speed Were Optimized Using Response Surface Methodology.